Artificial field irrigation and drinking water supplies, al-Ghab Plain

Artificial field irrigation and drinking water supplies, al-Ghab Plain

Tall Mumbaqa, View to the north: shore of Assad-Lake with pumps

Tall Mumbaqa, View to the north: shore of Assad-Lake with pumps

Ashlar masonry, 2nd category remains, Barsin mosque, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.24_ashlar voussoire stones within rubble field

View of Orontes valley

View of Orontes valley

In the vicinity of a small town/village on the slope of a natural rock, possibly in the Afrin region

In the vicinity of a small town/village on the slope of a natural rock, possibly in the Afrin region

Hama, general view of the "Four Norias", the two Bischriyyat and two Uthmaniyyat

Hama, general view of the “Four Norias”, the two Bischriyyat and two Uthmaniyyat

Rubble field of minaret: 3D scan from drone video, (screencapture from YouTube video), Great Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo

Fig.02_3D-scanning-Great-Mosque-of-Aleppo_Iconem-Agha-Khan-Trust-for-Culture_11

Rubble field of minaret: 3D VR modell, (screencapture from sketchfab VRplayer), Great Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo

Aleppo-Minaret-of-Great-Mosque_3D-Model_Iconem_s

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

The Mediterranean coast of Baniyas city in 1960s

The Mediterranean coast of Baniyas city in 1960s

View of the Orontes valley at low water

View of the Orontes valley at low water

General view of the Mediterranean coast near Baniyas

General view of the Mediterranean coast near Baniyas

Bimaristan an-Nuri, water reservoir made of basalt

Bimaristan an-Nuri, water reservoir made of basalt

al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field

al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field

al-Husn Church, remains of basilica's wall, which constitue the boundary of an agricultural field

al-Husn Church, remains of basilica’s wall, which constitue the boundary of an agricultural field

A little boy from a resettlement village is drawing water from a tap embedded in the ground

A little boy from a resettlement village is drawing water from a tap embedded in the ground

Busra, Hammam Manjak, north wing with hot water reservoir during the restoration

Busra, Hammam Manjak, north wing with hot water reservoir during the restoration

The enjoyment of sulfur water in Afqa Spring

The enjoyment of sulfur water in Afqa Spring

Afqa spring, sulfuric water of the historic bath

Afqa spring, sulfuric water of the historic bath

The courtyard of at-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya with a water fountain

The courtyard of at-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya with a water fountain

A view of an-Nuri mosque and the Kilaniyya norias (water wheels), Hama

A view of an-Nuri mosque and the Kilaniyya norias (water wheels), Hama

Jurn Kabir, inside a traditional living room, equipped with wooden door and window, water basin and felt carpet (lubbad)

Jurn Kabir, inside a traditional living room, equipped with wooden door and window, water basin and felt carpet (lubbad)

The wheel hub of a water scoop wheel (arab. noria)

The wheel hub of a water scoop wheel (arab. noria)

A view of an-Nuri Mosque and the Kilaniyya Norias (water wheels), Hama

A view of an-Nuri Mosque and the Kilaniyya Norias (water wheels), Hama

Noria (water wheel) axis

Noria (water wheel) axis

Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ and (pond) Birkat al-Hajj, filled with rain water

Busra – Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ and (pond) Birkat al-Hajj, filled with rain water

Al-Jisriyya norias (water wheel), Hama

Al-Jisriyya norias (water wheel), Hama

al-Lajat region, ancient cistern for storing water

al-Lajat region, ancient cistern for storing water

A small noria (water wheel) on the Orontes river

A small noria (water wheel) on the Orontes river

The water of Khabur is near Raʾs al-ʿAyn strongly sulphurous

The water of Khabur is near Raʾs al-ʿAyn strongly sulphurous